New microproducts need the utilization of a diversity of materials and have complicated
three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with high aspect ratios. To date, many …

This tutorial review presents an introduction to the field of noble metal nanoparticles and
their current applications. The origin of the surface plasmon resonance and synthesis …

Femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) has been established as a nano-enabler to solve
problems that are otherwise not possible in diversified scientific and industrial fields …

Photopolymerization, or the use of light to trigger polymerization, is one of the most exciting
technologies for advanced manufacturing of polymers. One of the key components in the …

Chemical and physical processes driven by multiphoton absorption make possible the
fabrication of complex, 3D structures with feature sizes as small as 100 nm. Since its …

The ability to pattern materials in three dimensions is critical for several emerging
technologies, including photonics, microfluidics, microelectromechanical systems, and …

Recent innovations in the area of micro-and nanofabrication have created a unique
opportunity for patterning surfaces with features with lateral dimensions spanning over the …

The nanotechnology revolution of the past decade owes much to the science of lithography,
an umbrella term which encompasses everything from conventional photolithography to …

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (PCs) are crystalline materials where the refractive
index is periodically modulated on a length scale comparable to the light wavelength of …

Abstract 3D photonic crystals (PhCs) and photonic bandgap (PBG) materials have attracted
considerable scientific and technological interest. In order to provide functionality to PhCs …