Background Excessive tool-tissue interaction forces often result in tissue damage and
intraoperative complications, while insufficient forces prevent the completion of the task. This …

In recent decades, a number of surgical systems have been developed and are applied for a
growing variety of surgeries. This review will consider the significant challenges of robotic …

The integration of robotics into retinal microsurgery leads to a reduction in surgeon
perception of tool-to-tissue interaction forces. This blunting of human tactile sensory input …

Background The accurate sensing and display of the delicate needle‐tissue interaction force
to the operator is desirable for needle insertion procedures. It not only plays a significant role …

Recent advancements in age-related macular degeneration treatments necessitate
precision delivery into the subretinal space, emphasizing minimally invasive procedures …

Vitreoretinal surgery is among the most delicate surgical tasks during which surgeon hand
tremor may severely attenuate surgeon performance. Robotic assistance has been …

Eye surgery, specifically retinal micro-surgery involves sensory and motor skill that
approaches human boundaries and physiological limits for steadiness, accuracy, and the …

Background The human eye consists of highly sensitive, hydrated, and relatively thin
tissues, making precise control and accurate force estimation crucial in robotic eye surgery …

When robotic assistance is present into vitreoretinal surgery, the surgeon will experience
reduced sensory input that is otherwise derived from the tool's interaction with the eye wall …

Purpose: This study aims to map force interaction between instrument and sclera of in vivo
rabbits during retinal procedures, and verify if a robotic active force control could prevent …