Research on the effectiveness of grade retention has a long history, yet, has seen an
upsurge during the last decade. In this study, we review 84 recent, methodologically sound …

The identification of the causal effects of grade retention policies is of enormous relevance
for researchers and policymakers alike. Taking advantage of the availability of more detailed …

Despite the fact that grade retention is now seen as controversial in many quarters, it
remains common practice in numerous countries. Previous research on the effects of grade …

Keeping students back in the same grade–retention–has always been a controversial issue
in Education, with some defending it as a beneficial remedial practice and others arguing …

La elevada tasa de alumnos repetidores existente en España, muy superior a la media de la
Unión Europea, es una de las grandes preocupaciones de nuestro sistema educativo …

This study investigates the extent to which national educational policy factors can explain
differences in the probability of students repeating a grade in primary and lower-secondary …

Academic self-concept is one of the most important non-cognitive variables in determining
students' attitudes towards school and their performance. The objective of this study was to …

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the attitudes of primary grade teachers and
elementary principals about grade retention. Because grade retention is typically initiated in …

Previous studies on the impact of grade retention on academic self‐concept suffer from
inconclusive findings. There is no consensus if retention yields long‐term benefits that could …

Having a low sense of belonging in secondary education is associated with feelings of
social alienation, lower school performance, and dropping out early. Based on person …