New methods and technologies within the field of lung biology are beginning to shed new
light into the microbial world of the respiratory tract. Long considered to be a sterile …

The lungs were long thought to be sterile until technical advances uncovered the presence
of the lung microbial community. The microbiome of healthy lungs is mainly derived from the …

All animals studied to date are associated with symbiotic communities of microorganisms.
These animal microbiotas often play important roles in normal physiological function and …

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19 disease, which can result in consequences
ranging from undetectable to fatal, focusing attention on the modulators of outcomes. The …

Despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-related
pulmonary disease continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for people living …

Until recently, bacteria have been studied in terms of their roles in infectious diseases and
mainly by using isolation and culture methods. However, in practice, many bacteria existing …

Introduction Azithromycin (AZM) reduces pulmonary inflammation and exacerbations in
patients with COPD having emphysema. The antimicrobial effects of AZM on the lower …

Rationale: Cross-sectional human data suggest that enrichment of oral anaerobic bacteria in
the lung is associated with an increased T-helper cell type 17 (Th17) inflammatory …

The lung microbiome is associated with host immune response and health outcomes in
experimental models and patient cohorts. Lung microbiome research is increasing in …

Despite the immune-reconstitution with antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals
remain highly susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) and have an enrichment of oral anaerobes in …