The Mediator complex, which in humans is 1.4 MDa in size and includes 26 subunits,
controls many aspects of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function. Apart from its size, a defining …

The eukaryotic transcription apparatus synthesizes a staggering diversity of RNA molecules.
The labour of nuclear gene transcription is, therefore, divided among multiple DNA …

Alterations in the regulation of gene expression are frequently associated with
developmental diseases or cancer. Transcription activation is a key phenomenon in the …

INTRODUCTION RNA polymerase II (Pol II)–mediated transcription initiation requires
assembly of a preinitiation complex (PIC), during which the 14-subunit transcription factor IID …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many
noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic genomes. Although Pol II is a complex, 12-subunit enzyme, it …

Abstract The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) enzyme transcribes all protein-coding and most non-
coding RNA genes and is globally regulated by Mediator—a large, conformationally flexible …

The programmes that direct an organism's development and maintenance are encoded in its
genome. Decoding of this information begins with regulated transcription of genomic DNA …

Recent years have witnessed a sea change in our understanding of transcription regulation:
whereas traditional models focused solely on the events that brought RNA polymerase II …

Transcription in several organisms from certain bacteria to humans has been observed to be
stochastic in nature: toggling between active and inactive states. Periods of active nascent …

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play important roles in maintaining the silent state of HOX
genes. Recent studies have implicated histone methylation in long-term gene silencing …