In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such
as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living …

Over the past decades, interest in shape memory polymers (SMPs) has persisted, and
immense efforts have been dedicated to developing SMPs and their multifunctional …

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), unlike typical thermosets or other covalently
crosslinked networks, possess a unique, often dormant ability to activate one or more forms …

Abstract 4D printing is an emerging field in additive manufacturing of time responsive
programmable materials. The combination of 3D printing technologies with materials that …

This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators,
highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer‐to centimeter‐scale robotic applications …

Vat photopolymerization is a widely adopted additive manufacturing process category owing
to its high accuracy and accessibility. These technologies utilize a light source to cure the …

The concept of four-dimensional (4D) printing emerged from the addition of the time
dimension into the more established additive manufacturing (AM) methods, namely 3D …

One of the most promising fields for shape‐memory polymers is the biomedical field. Shape‐
memory polymers that can be triggered by various (physiological) conditions such as …

Since the late 1980s, additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional
(3D) printing, has been gradually popularized. However, the microstructures fabricated …

The past decade has witnessed remarkable advances in stimuli-responsive shape memory
polymers (SMPs) with potential applications in biomedical devices, aerospace, textiles, civil …