Fifty years of Moore's law scaling in microelectronics have brought remarkable opportunities
for the rapidly evolving field of microscopic robotics,,,–. Electronic, magnetic and optical …

Although surfaces or, more precisely, the surface atomic and electronic structure, determine
the way materials interact with their environment, the influence of surface chemistry on the …

Nanoporous metals prepared by controlled chemical or electrochemical corrosion of alloys
can provide prototypical manifestations of bulk nanostructured material. Samples are readily …

Although actuation in biological systems is exclusively powered by chemical energy, this
concept has not been realized in man-made actuator technologies, as these rely on …

We report a macroscopic shrinkage by up to 30 vol% during electrochemical dealloying of
Ag-Au. Since the original crystal lattice is maintained during the process, we suggest that the …

A relation on electric field dependent surface stress, or alternatively surface piezoelectricity,
is proposed in this paper. Based on such relation, a piezoelectric ring under prescribed …

Developing new methods that reveal the structure of electrode materials under polarization
is key to constructing robust structure–property relationships. However, many existing …

Dealloying (selective dissolution) of homogeneous metallic alloys such as Ag–Au generates
nanoporous metals with intriguing properties. Until now, it has not been possible routinely to …

The surface stress-charge coefficient, ς, quantifies the response of the surface stress–a
fundamental property of solid surfaces–to the addition or removal of superficial electric …

The length change in response to changes in the surface stress during scans of the
electrode potential was measured for nanoporous platinum samples immersed in aqueous …