CONTEXT This research investigates the living sustainability of the Kattunayakan tribe in the
Wayanad district of Kerala, India, focusing on the factors influencing their agricultural, forest …

The rainfall pattern seen in the Indian Cardamom Hills (ICH) has been extremely variable
and complicated, with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) playing a crucial role in shaping …

This study examines the multi-decadal variability and trends of surface air temperature and
precipitation in the Indian Cardamom Hills (ICH), a degraded tropical rainforest area unique …

In this study, we investigated climatic parameters and predicted future changes in
precipitation and atmospheric temperature levels based on RCP4. 5/8.5 scenarios in all …

Abstract​ Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (cardamom), popularly known as the “Queen of
spices,” belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is one of the world's most expensive and …

Small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton; Zingiberaceae) is one of India's most
export oriented spices. Insect pests and diseases are major threats to the sustainable …

Increasing the productivity of Indian cardamom is revolving around both soil and forest
canopy management. Maintaining tropical acid soil fertility and its productivity is the prime …

Abstract The “Queen of Spices” cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) originated in the
Western Ghats of South India. It is one of the rarest and most expensive spices in the world …

This article explores the convergence of pesticide toxicity with caste inequalities and the
lingering legacies of colonialism on cardamom plantations in the Cardamom Hills, India …

It is crucial to achieve economic and ecological sustainability in the production of plantation
crops in view of their importance to support the livelihood of millions of farmers and agro …