Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are the most common bacterial cytotoxic proteins and are
required for virulence in a large number of important pathogens, including Streptococcus …

Virulence is described as an ability of an organism to infect the host and cause a disease.
Virulence factors are the molecules that assist the bacterium colonize the host at the cellular …

Members of the Bacillus cereus group of organisms include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus
anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis. Collectively, these organisms represent microbes of …

▪ Abstract Anthrax toxin consists of three nontoxic proteins that associate in binary or ternary
combinations to form toxic complexes at the surface of mammalian cells. One of these …

Certain pathogenic species of Bacillus and Clostridium have developed unique methods for
intoxicating cells that employ the classic enzymatic “AB” paradigm for protein toxins. The …

The tripartite toxin produced by Bacillus anthracis is the key determinant in the etiology of
anthrax. We have engineered a panel of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, including single …

Much attention has been focused on anthrax toxin recently, both because of its central role
in the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis and because it has proven to be one of the most …

The paradigm of antivirulence therapy dictates that bacterial pathogens are specifically
disarmed but not killed by neutralizing their virulence factors. Clearance of the invading …

The anthrax attacks in the United States, juxtaposed against the September 11 terrorist
attacks on New York and Washington, DC, have transformed a theoretical threat to stark …

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium associated with gastritis, peptic ulceration,
and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, secretes a protein toxin, VacA, that causes vacuolar …