ABSTRACT 2,604 names at the rank of subtribe, tribe, subfamily, family and superfamily
have been proposed for Recent and fossil gastropods, and another 35 for …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Evolutionary transitions from water to land are infrequent. The physical contrasts between
these media are amplified by biological differences in the patterns of selection. A new …

Gastropod molluscs are among the most diverse and abundant animals in the oceans, and
are successful colonizers of terrestrial and freshwater environments. Past phylogenetic …

Long-branch attraction (LBA) is a well-known artifact in phylogenetic reconstruction. Sparse
taxon sampling and extreme heterogeneity of evolutionary rates among lineages generate …

Comprising about 60% of gastropod diversity, caenogastropods display almost all kinds of
shell forms and include many commercially important marine groups. Although the …

Different from the diverse family Pectinidae, the Spondylidae is a small group with a single
genus that shares the sedentary life habit of cementing themselves to the substrate …

Mitochondrial DNA hyperdiversity is primarily caused by high mutation rates (µ) and has
potential implications for mitogenome architecture and evolution. In the hyperdiverse mtDNA …

Neritidae is one of the most diverse families of Neritimorpha and possesses euryhaline
properties. Members of this family usually live on tropical and subtropical coasts and are …

Phylogenetic relationships among snails (Caenogastropoda) are still unresolved, and many
taxonomic categories remain non-monophyletic. Paraphyly has been reported within a large …