Drought and salinity are among the most important environmental factors that hampered
agricultural productivity worldwide. Both stresses can induce several morphological …

Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals
alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know …

Plants are often exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions, for instance abiotic
stresses, which dramatically alter distribution of plant species among ecological niches and …

Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop
production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and …

Plants face a variety of abiotic stresses, which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and
ultimately obstruct normal growth and development of plants. To prevent cellular damage …

Flavonoids are plant specialized metabolites that consist of one oxygenated and two
aromatic rings. Different flavonoids are grouped according to the oxidation degree of the …

Phenolic compounds are produced by the plants mainly for their growth, development, and
protection. These aromatic benzene ring compounds are very much essential during the …

Several environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic factors, adversely affect the
growth and development of crops, thereby lowering their yield. However, abiotic factors, eg …

Aegilops spp. is the closest genus to wheat (Triticum spp.), which makes Aegilops great
candidates to exhibit precursors of wheat features. Aegilops cylindrica Host displays …

Fruits, vegetables, spices, and herbs are a potential source of phenolic acids and
polyphenols. These compounds are known as natural by-products or secondary metabolites …