Though the history of mankind, we are strongly fighting with infected diseases that are
induced by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other pathogens. Although a variety of medicines …

These Guidelines represent the third time that the ESC and EACTS have brought together
cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in a joint Task Force to review the ever-increasing body …

always refer to the full text version, which is freely available on the ESC and EACTS
websites. The National Societies of the ESC are encouraged to endorse, translate, and …

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are a comprehensive disease concept characterized by
acute myocardial ischemia caused by disruption of coronary artery plaque and consequent …

Importance Dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces
ischemia but increases bleeding. Objective To develop a clinical decision tool to identify …

Background Limited data are available on the long-term effects of contemporary drug-eluting
stents versus contemporary bare-metal stents on rates of death, myocardial infarction, repeat …

Importance Fractional flow reserve (FFR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is
generally considered to reflect residual disease. Yet the clinical relevance of post-PCI FFR …

Background The majority of stent-related major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are believed to occur within the first year. Very-late …

ESC Guidelines 3039 administrative staff and by the referees and supervisory committees of
the two organizations. It is our hope that this huge effort has generated guidelines that will …

1.1. Methodology and Evidence Review The recommendations listed in this document are,
whenever possible, evidence based. The current document constitutes a full revision and …