Background: Opioids are widely used in pain management, acting via opioid receptors
and/or Toll-like receptors (TLR) present at the central nervous system (CNS). At the blood …

As the major psychoactive agent in opium and direct precursor for heroin, morphine is a
historically critical molecule in chemical neuroscience. A structurally complex phenanthrene …

This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 …

Background Oxycodone is a semisynthetic opioid derived from thebaine and is an opioid-
receptor agonist used to provide analgesia to patients 1. It has been in clinical use since …

Patients suffering from chronic pain may respond differently to analgesic medications. For
some, pain relief is insufficient, while others experience side effects. Although …

Despite the vast amounts of information gathered about gliomas, the overall survival of
glioma patients has not improved in the last four decades. This could partially be due to an …

Naltrexone (NTX) is a well-tolerated drug with a wide safety margin and mechanism of
action that affords use across a wide variety of indications in adults and children. By …

Opioid analgesics remain a treatment option for refractory acute and chronic pain, despite
their potential risk for abuse and adverse events (AEs). Opioids are associated with several …

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with dual UV detection
has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of methadone and …

Opioidy są ważną grupą leków stosowanych w leczeniu bólu, zwłaszcza przewlekłego, np.
nowotworowego. Ich przydatność w leczeniu bólu przewlekłego jest jednak ograniczona z …