Bacteria are under immense evolutionary pressure from their viral invaders—
bacteriophages. Bacteria have evolved numerous immune mechanisms, both innate and …

Bacteriophage (phage) therapy, ie, the use of viruses that infect bacteria as antimicrobial
agents, is a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. Indeed, resistance to antibiotics …

Bacteria–phage coevolution, the reciprocal evolution between bacterial hosts and the
phages that infect them, is an important driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in …

The origin of biological diversity, via the formation of new species, can be inextricably linked
to adaptation to the ecological environment. Specifically, ecological processes are central to …

Experimental evolution is the study of evolutionary processes occurring in experimental
populations in response to conditions imposed by the experimenter. This research approach …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important role in the evolution of life on the Earth.
This view is supported by numerous occasions of HGT that are recorded in the genomes of …

Ecological opportunity–through entry into a new environment, the origin of a key innovation
or extinction of antagonists–is widely thought to link ecological population dynamics to …

Studying the coevolutionary dynamics between bacteria and the bacteriophage viruses that
infect them is critical to understanding both microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning …

Insect galls are dramatic examples of extended phenotypes: although composed of host
plant tissues, their development is largely controlled by insect genes. Adaptive explanations …

Hosts and their symbionts are involved in intimate physiological and ecological interactions.
The impact of these interactions on the evolution of each partner depends on the time‐scale …