Intrinsically disordered protein regions exist in a collection of dynamic interconverting
conformations that lack a stable 3D structure. These regions are structurally heterogeneous …

Biomolecular condensates are found throughout eukaryotic cells, including in the nucleus, in
the cytoplasm and on membranes. They are also implicated in a wide range of cellular …

The concept of phase-separation-mediated formation of biomolecular condensates provides
a new framework to understand cellular organization and cooperativity-dependent cellular …

Intracellular phase separation is emerging as a universal principle for organizing
biochemical reactions in time and space. It remains incompletely resolved how biological …

Protein condensates are distinct structures assembled in living cells that concentrate
molecules via phase separation in a confined subcellular compartment. In the past decade …

Recent investigations in bacteria suggest that membraneless organelles play a crucial role
in the subcellular organization of bacterial cells. However, the biochemical functions and …

Once described as mere “bags of enzymes,” bacterial cells are in fact highly organized, with
many macromolecules exhibiting nonuniform localization patterns. Yet the physical and …

Compartmentalization by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a
ubiquitous mechanism underlying the organization of biomolecules in space and time. Here …

Macromolecular crowding affects the activity of proteins and functional macromolecular
complexes in all cells, including bacteria. Crowding, together with physicochemical …

In the past almost 15 years, we witnessed the birth of a new scientific field focused on the
existence, formation, biological functions, and disease associations of membraneless …