Marine biofouling has negatively affected human sailing since ancient times. Traditional
antifouling coatings were banned worldwide in 2003 due to their toxicity towards nontarget …

Marine biofouling is a well-known massive problem: within the shortest time, ship hulls and
other man-made submerged surfaces are inevitably populated by various marine …

While nature has optimized its antifouling strategies over millions of years, synthetic
antifouling coatings have not yet reached technological maturity. For an antifouling coating …

Biomimetic nanosurfaces with distinct wettability and versatility have found special
enthusiasm in both fundamental research and industrial applications. With the advent of …

Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment over the past few
decades. However, membrane fouling remains a hinderance for the widespread use of …

A biofilm is an interface-associated colloidal dispersion of bacterial cells and excreted
polymers in which microorganisms find protection from their environment. Successful …

Marine fouling is one of the major challenges facing humanity in marine industrial
production and transport activities. Traditional antifouling coatings use toxic antifouling …

There are a large number of fouling organisms in the ocean, which easily attach to the
surface of ships, oil platforms and breeding facilities, corrode the surface of equipment …

Marine biofouling is a ubiquitous problem that accompanies human marine activities and
marine industries. It exerts detrimental impacts on the economy, environment, ecology, and …

Bacterial attachment to material surfaces can lead to the development of biofilms that cause
severe economic and health problems. The outcome of bacterial attachment is determined …