Morphometrics, the field of biological shape analysis, has undergone major change in
recent years. Most of this change has been due to the development and adoption of …

In this review of the evidence for and against taxic diversity within the hominin clade, we
begin by looking at the logic and the history of simple “ladder‐like” interpretations of the …

Abstract Version 1.5 of the computer program TNT completely integrates landmark data into
phylogenetic analysis. Landmark data consist of coordinates (in two or three dimensions) for …

The relationship between morphometrics and phylogenetic analysis has long been
controversial. Here we propose an approach that is based on mapping morphometric traits …

Cranial morphology is widely used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships, but its reliability
in reflecting phylogeny and population history has been questioned. Some cranial regions …

Geometric morphometrics (GM) has increasingly become an important tool in assessing and
studying shape variation in a wide variety of taxa. While the GM toolkit has unparalleled …

Geometric morphometric methods rely on the accurate identification and quantification of
landmarks on biological specimens. As in any empirical analysis, the assessment of inter …

The divergence of bonobos and three subspecies of the common chimpanzee was
examined under a multipopulation isolation-with-migration (IM) model with data from 73 loci …

The relationships among the living apes and modern humans have effectively been
resolved, but it is much more difficult to locate fossil apes on the tree of life because shared …

Recent discoveries of new fossil hominid species have been accompanied by several
phylogenetic hypotheses. All of these hypotheses are based on a consideration of hominid …