Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for
patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells …

In the wake of the success of modern immunotherapy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) are currently
seen as a potential therapeutic option for patients with cancer who do not respond or fail to …

The outstanding clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade has revived the interest in
underlying mechanisms of the immune system that are capable of eliminating tumors even …

To effectively build on the recent successes of immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive T cell
therapy and cancer vaccines, it is critical to rationally design combination strategies that will …

Interactions between immune checkpoints (ICs) and their ligands negatively regulate T cell
activation pathways involved in physiological immune responses against specific antigens …

Oncolytic viruses offer an in situ vaccination approach to activate tumor-specific T cell
responses. However, the upregulation of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and immune cells …

The recent successes of tumor immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint
blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, have revolutionized …

In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising anticancer therapy.
Oncolytic viruses destroy cancer cells, without damaging normal tissues, through virus self …

Since the discovery in 1796 by Edward Jenner of vaccinia virus as a way to prevent and
finally eradicate smallpox, the concept of using a virus to fight another virus has evolved into …

Cancer immunotherapy and the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors have markedly
changed the treatment paradigm for many cancers. They function to disrupt cancer cell …