Censorship circumvention is often fueled by supporters out of goodwill. However, hosting
circumvention proxies can be costly, especially when they are placed in the cloud. We argue …

The ecosystem of censorship circumvention tools (CTs) remains one of the most opaque
and least understood, overshadowed by the precarious legal status around their usage and …

HTTPS tunnel-based VPN services are increasingly used for malicious activities, such as
remote control and data exfiltration. As detection mechanisms improve, some adversaries …

We present a global, large-scale measurement of Internet traffic shadowing, a less-studied
yet covert format of on-path manipulation. As part of pervasive monitoring, data within …

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are increasingly being used to protect online users' privacy
and security. However, there is an ongoing arms race between censors that aim to detect …

Censorship and censorship circumvention are closely connected, and each is constantly
making decisions in reaction to the other. When censors deploy a new Internet censorship …

Contemporary research has underscored the alarming surveillance and censorship
practices of totalitarian regimes and government agencies in observing traffic in …

The increasing prevalence of Internet censorship in several regions of the world has
necessitated the development of advanced censorshipresistant technologies. Virtual Private …

Censorship circumvention is often fueled by supporters out of goodwill. However, hosting
circumvention proxies can be costly, especially when they are placed in the cloud. We argue …