Surviving in a world with hidden rewards and dangers requires choosing the appropriate
behaviours. Recent discoveries indicate that the habenula plays a prominent part in such …

The spinal circuitry underlying the generation of basic locomotor synergies has been
described in substantial detail in lampreys and the cellular mechanisms have been …

Vertebrates evolved in the Cambrian Period before 520 million years ago, but we do not
know when or how consciousness arose in the history of the vertebrate brain. Here we …

The considerable extent of construction and operation of marine renewable energy
developments (MRED) within UK and adjacent waters will lead, among other things, to the …

The medial (MHb) and lateral (LHb) habenulae are a small group of nuclei that regulate the
activity of monoaminergic neurons. Disruptions to these nuclei lead to deficits in a range of …

Example of the layout of an offshore wind project. The location of each turbine is marked by
an 'x.'The AC electricity generated by 48 wind turbines is carried over 36-kV inter-array …

Background Neurocognitive impairment is present in 50% of HIV-infected individuals and is
often associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-like brain pathologies, including increased …

Electromagnetic surveys generate electromagnetic fields to map petroleum deposits under
the seabed with unknown consequences for marine animals. The electric and magnetic …

Multidisciplinary approaches to conservation and wildlife management are often effective in
addressing complex, multi-factor problems. Emerging fields such as conservation …

Reinterpretation of research on the electric sense in aquatic organisms with ampullary
organs results in the following conclusions. The detection limit of limnic vertebrates with …