Aims To review the literature on mortality among dependent or regular users of opioids
across regions, according to specific causes, and related to a number of demographic and …

Objective Detoxification followed by abstinence has shown little success in reducing illicit
opioid use. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) helps individuals with an opioid use …

We summarise the evidence for medicinal uses of opioids, harms related to the extramedical
use of, and dependence on, these drugs, and a wide range of interventions used to address …

Background Overdose from illicit drugs is a leading cause of premature mortality in North
America. Internationally, more than 65 supervised injecting facilities (SIFs), where drug …

Drug use represents a significant burden to public health through disease, disability and
social problems, and policy makers are becoming increasingly interested in how to develop …

These Guidelinesreview the use of medicines such as methadone, buprenorphine,
naltrexone and clonidine in combination with psychosocial support in the treatment of …

AIM: To summarize the major findings of the five Cochrane reviews on substitution
maintenance treatments for opioid dependence. METHODS: We conducted a narrative and …

Objective To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end
of treatment and according to duration of treatment. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting …

Drug overdose is a major cause of premature death and morbidity among heroin users. This
article examines recent research into heroin overdose to inform interventions that will reduce …

The current paper examines critically the literature on suicide rates, suicide risk factors and
methods employed for suicide among heroin users, and compares these to those of the …