The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

“Silica” refers to crystalline particles formed by the combination of silicon with oxygen.
Inhalation of silica particles promotes the development of pulmonary fibrosis that over …

Background Nivolumab plus ipilimumab showed promising efficacy for the treatment of non–
small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a phase 1 trial, and tumor mutational burden has …

No predictive biomarkers can robustly identify patients with non–small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies. Here, in a …

Abstract Rationale: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway
showed limited success in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, especially in those …

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has changed the therapeutic possibilities
for various cancer types. However, despite the success in some entities, a significant fraction …

Background Expressed on activated T and natural killer cells, 4-1BB/CD137 is a
costimulatory receptor that signals a series of events resulting in cytokine secretion and …

Background Programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1)
inhibitors are increasingly used in China, but no real-world data are available about the …

Background Glioma is one of the highly fatal primary tumors in the central nervous system.
As a major component of tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell has been proved to …

Despite substantial progress in oncology, lung cancer remains the number one malignancy
in terms of both incidence and mortality rates, and there thus remains an urgent need for …