Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) have become an important drug class in
the treatment of hypertension and heart failure and the protection from diabetic nephropathy …

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) produced hormone peptides regulate many vital body
functions. Dysfunctional signaling by receptors for RAS peptides leads to pathologic states …

Summary The Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation (VALUE) trial was
designed to test whether, for the same achieved blood pressures, regimens based on …

Losartan is the first orally available angiotensin-receptor antagonist without agonist
properties. Following oral administration, losartan is rapidly absorbed, reaching maximum …

Objective To investigate whether a low dose of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitor ramipril lowers cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes who …

Diabetes is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal
disease (ESRD) in most parts of the world. 20 to 30% of diabetic patient have diabetic …

Background: Measurement of plasma renin is important for the clinical assessment of
hypertensive patients. The most common methods for measuring plasma renin are the …

Interrupting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with a usual daily dose of a single-site RAS
inhibitor does not achieve complete and long-lasting pharmacologic blockade. Hormonal …

Renin–Angiotensin System is classically recognized for its role in the control of systemic
blood pressure. However, the retina is recognized to have all the components necessary for …

Evidence suggests that gender differences exist in renin-angiotensin system (RAS) function.
It was hypothesized that women may differ also in their response to RAS blockade. The …