Executive summary As of May 31, 2022, there were 6· 9 million reported deaths and 17· 2
million estimated deaths from COVID-19, as reported by the Institute for Health Metrics and …

Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of the Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) …

Understanding the spread of SARS-CoV-2, how and when evidence emerged, and the
timing of local, national, regional, and global responses is essential to establish how an …

Considerable uncertainty surrounds the timeline of introductions and onsets of local
transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally …

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak that emerged at the end of 2019 has
now swept the world for more than 2 years, causing immeasurable damage to the lives and …

Background The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread to all corners
of the world since its emergence in Wuhan, China in December of 2019. The disease …

Emerging infectious diseases, especially if caused by bat-borne viruses, significantly affect
public health and the global economy. There is an urgent need to understand the …

Humanity, and indeed all of life on Earth, is at a crossroads. Over the past several decades,
the scale of human impacts on Earth's natural systems has increased exponentially to the …

The analysis reported here is unique in that it is the first study of the original data from the
Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine clinical trial (CA4591001) to be carried out by a …

In the spread of SARS-CoV-2, there have been multiple waves of replacement between
strains, each of which having a distinct set of mutations. The first wave is a group of four …