Additive manufacturing (AM), an Industry 4.0 technology, is revolutionizing healthcare
continuously for the welfare of society. This study aims to perform a systematic review of AM …

Inflammation that is not resolved in due course becomes a chronic disease. The treatment of
chronic inflammatory diseases involves a long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as …

Tracheal stent placement is a principal treatment for tracheobronchial stenosis, but
complications such as mucus plugging, secondary stenosis, migration, and strong foreign …

Trachea injury caused by tracheomalacia, stenosis or atresia can result in severe dyspnea,
even asphyxia. With the development of trachea reconstruction technology, trachea stents …

Expandable metallic stent placement is often the only way to treat airway obstructions. Such
treatment with an uncoated stent causes granulation proliferation and subsequent …

Esophageal cancer is a very deadly disease, killing more than 15,000 people in the United
States annually. Almost 400,000 new cases happen in the worldwide every year. More than …

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an additive manufacturing method that holds great
potential in a variety of future patient-specific medical technologies. This project validated a …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication
materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The …

Airway stenosis, a significant cause of dyspnea, is commonly managed with airway stents.
However, conventional stents frequently lead to restenosis. Excessive proliferation of …

Background The treatment of malignant stenosis involving the carina or bronchi is
challenging due to complicated anatomy with individual variation, which makes it necessary …