Abstract The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of extratropical Southern
Hemisphere climate variability, associated with changes in the strength and position of the …

Southern Australia's rainfall is highly variable and influenced by factors across scales from
synoptic weather to large‐scale circulation and remote climate modes of variability …

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Brohan, P., JJ Kennedy, I. Harris, SFB Tett, and PD Jones, 2006: Uncertainty estimates in
regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850. J. Geophys …

Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases have driven and
will continue to drive widespread climate change at the Earth's surface. But surface climate …

Observations show robust near-surface trends in Southern Hemisphere tropospheric
circulation towards the end of the twentieth century, including a poleward shift in the mid …

The importance of stratospheric ozone depletion on the atmospheric circulation of the
troposphere is studied with an atmospheric general circulation model, the Community …

Mosses, the dominant flora of East Antarctica, show evidence of drying in recent decades,
likely due to the regional effects of climate change. Given the relatively small area that such …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Climate geoengineering proposals seek to rectify the current radiative imbalance via either
(1) reducing incoming solar radiation (solar radiation management) or (2) removing CO 2 …