If little care is taken when establishing clear assessment requirements, there is the potential
for spoon-feeding. However, in this conceptual article we argue that transparency in …

This study aims to identify research trends of scaffolding in the field of science education. To
this end, both descriptive analysis and co-word analysis were conducted to examine the …

In 1994, a major curriculum reform was implemented in Sweden. A norm-referenced grading
system was replaced by national goals and performance standards. The intention was that …

Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a technology-driven inquiry-based
approach that encourages social interaction and shared knowledge construction in …

Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) provides an environment that enhances
social interaction and shared knowledge construction among students. However, limited …

Earth science is the study of the earth, its atmosphere, waters, deep interior, and other
components. Since we live on Earth, earth science must also encompass impacts on …

Scientific inquiry is an inquiry-based learning approach that emphasizes student
investigation of research questions and the utilization of scientific methods to address those …

Although laboratory work is often regarded as an indispensable part of modern science
education, it was not until the latter 19th century that individual laboratory work became a …

Adaptations–challenging policy processes in teachers' everyday practice. The aim of this
article is to forefront the challenging policy processes with adaptations in teachers' everyday …

With the increasing reliance on digital platforms, mobile game-based phone applications
provide avenues to enhance learning of complex chemical concepts. This research …