The prevalence and intensity of parasites in wild hosts varies across space and is a key
determinant of infection risk in humans, domestic animals and threatened wildlife. Because …

The Flexible Phenotype attempts a true synthesis of physiology, behaviour, and ecology by
developing an empirical argument that describes the intimate connections between …

Migration has fascinated researchers for years and many active areas of study exist.
However, the question of how migratory species stay healthy within the context of their …

Ecologists sometimes assume immunological indices reflect fundamental attributes of
individuals—an important assumption if an index is to be interpreted in an evolutionary …

It is intriguing that the fourth edition of the main British ecology textbook Ecology: From
Individuals to Ecosystems (Begon et al., 2006) does not include habitat selection or habitat …

This article provides a brief historical perspective on the integration of physiology into the
concept of the pace of life of birds, evaluates the fit of immune function into this framework …

We investigated seasonal variation in haematological indices and immune function in the
non-migratory Great Tit Parus major over a complete annual cycle. The haematocrit value …

Animals cope with seasonal variation in environmental factors by adjustments of physiology
and life history. When seasonal variation is partly predictable, such adjustments can be …

Bacteria have had a fundamental impact on vertebrate evolution not only by affecting the
evolution of the immune system, but also generating complex interactions with behavior and …

It remains largely unknown which factors affect the innate immune responses of free-living
birds. Nevertheless, the degree of innate immunity may play a crucial role in an individual's …