IL-6 family cytokines are defined by the common use of the signal-transducing receptor
chain glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Increasing evidence indicates that these cytokines are …

Abstract Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), namely Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis,
cause a significant disease burden in modern civilization. Ever since the introduction of anti …

Background The rising prevalence of many chronic diseases related to gut barrier
dysfunction coincides with the increased global usage of dietary emulsifiers in recent …

The mammalian intestine harbors a remarkable number of microbes and their components
and metabolites, which are fundamental for the instigation and development of the host …

Most inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are unable to maintain a lifelong remission.
Developing a novel therapeutic strategy is urgently needed. In this study, we adopt a new …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is a member of the STAT family
and localizes to the cytoplasm. STAT4 is phosphorylated after a variety of cytokines bind to …

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6)
superfamily. LIF was initially discovered as a factor to induce the differentiation of myeloid …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a group of non-specific chronic intestinal
inflammatory conditions of unclear etiology. The current treatment and long-term …

Natural killer (NK) cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) require signal transducer
and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) to elicit rapid effector responses and protect against …

Tryptophan has drawn wide attention due to its involvement in improving intestinal immune
defense directly and indirectly by regulating metabolic pathways. The study aims to …