Abstract Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory
role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in …

Regulatory signals provide negative input to immunological networks promoting resolution
of acute and chronic inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of evolutionarily …

Endomembrane damage elicits homeostatic responses including ESCRT-dependent
membrane repair and autophagic removal of damaged organelles. Previous studies have …

Insects, which lack the adaptive immune system, have developed sophisticated innate
immune system consisting of humoral and cellular immune responses to defend against …

The immune system is highly controlled and fine-tuned by glycosylation, through the
addition of a diversity of carbohydrates structures (glycans) to virtually all immune cell …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles involved in intercellular
communication, delivery of biomolecules from donor to recipient cells, cellular disposal and …

Over the past few decades, advances in immunological knowledge have led to the
identification of novel immune checkpoints, reinvigorating cancer immunotherapy …

Bilayered membranes separate cells from their surroundings and form boundaries between
intracellular organelles and the cytosol. Gated transport of solutes across membranes …

Human γδ T lymphocytes are predominated by two major subsets, defined by the variable
domain of the δ chain. Both, Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells infiltrate in tumors and have been …

Lactobacillus spp., as probiotics, have shown efficacy in the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria
in the intestinal tract. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus …