The extent to which scientific advances support marketplace inventions is largely unknown.
We study 4.8 million US patents and 32 million research articles to determine the minimum …

Innovation is central to long-run economic growth. This chapter summarizes the state of the
literature on the economics of innovation, highlighting open policy questions. We first …

Abstract We show that World War I and the subsequent boycott against Central scientists
severely interrupted international scientific cooperation. After 1914, citations to recent …

There are powerful imperatives on governments to support innovation, which have only
grown more urgent amid slowing growth in the developed world and a rapidly changing …

We introduce, validate, and make publicly available a new data source for innovation
research: scientific references in patent specifications. These references are common and …

This paper develops a new toolbox for multiple structural break detection in panel data
models with interactive effects. The toolbox includes tests for the presence of structural …

We analyze more than 70 million scientific articles to characterize the gender dynamics of
commercializing science. The double-digit gender gap we report is explained neither by the …

Spillover of knowledge is considered to be an important cause of agglomeration of inventive
activity. Many studies argue that knowledge spillovers are localized based on the …

Studies about open access (OA) have predominantly focused it impact on communication
within the scholarly community. For example, many studies have been published on what is …

Getting to a net-zero emissions economy requires faster development and diffusion of novel
clean energy technologies. We exploit a rare natural experiment to study the impact of an …