Coal, containing all the elements that are present in nature and more than 200 minerals, has
a complex chemical structure, making it one of the most complex geological materials …

Coal is a complex geologic material composed mainly of organic matter and mineral matter,
the latter including minerals, poorly crystalline mineraloids, and elements associated with …

China will continue to be one of the largest coal producers and users in the world. The high
volume of coal use in China has focused attention on the amounts of toxic trace elements …

In 2012, the WHO classified diesel emissions as carcinogenic, and its European branch
suggested creating a public health standard for airborne black carbon (BC). In 2011, EU …

Volcanic ashes in coal and coal-bearing sequences typically occur as persistent bands
within coal seams (generally as tonsteins, but in a few cases as bentonites, K-bentonites, or …

Metalliferous coal deposits, mainly hosting Zr (Hf)–Nb (Ta)–REE and U (Mo, Se)–REE ores,
in East Asia (Primorye of Russia and South China) primarily result from the evolution of …

Coal is a remarkably complex combination of macerals and minerals and inorganic
elements in organic associations plus liquids, gases, and semi-solid organics, all …

Coal mine fires are insidious, persistent, and as widespread as the occurrence of coal itself,
yet their potential adverse human health impacts have been poorly characterised. We aimed …

This paper reports the mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the Late Permian C2
and C3 coals (both medium volatile bituminous coal) from the Xinde Mine, near Xuanwei in …

Each year China burns as much coal as the rest of the world. The coal use results in many
benefits such as electricity, industrial heat, coke for steel manufacturing, and many valuable …