The immune and nervous systems have unique developmental trajectories that individually
build intricate networks of cells with highly specialized functions. These two systems have …

As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in
maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform …

Astrocytes are key active elements of the brain that contribute to information processing.
They not only provide neurons with metabolic and structural support, but also regulate …

Neuroimaging studies in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have provided inconsistent
evidence of cortical abnormality. This is probably due to the small sample sizes used in most …

Background Pyrethroid metabolites are widely detectable in urine from the general
population, including pregnant women and children. Pyrethroids are neurotoxic and …

Microglia are the brain's resident macrophages, which guide various developmental
processes crucial for brain maturation, activity, and plasticity. Microglial progenitors enter the …

Presynaptic glutamate replenishment is fundamental to brain function. In high activity
regimes, such as epileptic episodes, this process is thought to rely on the glutamate …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in
childhood. The mechanisms underlying ASD are unclear. In recent years, the role of …

The interaction between microglia and astrocytes exhibits a relatively balanced state in
order to maintain homeostasis in the healthy central nervous system (CNS). Disease stimuli …

Converging lines of evidence from basic science and clinical studies suggest a relationship
between maternal immune activation (MIA) and neurodevelopmental disorders such as …