The aim of this review is to consider variation in mating preferences among females. We
define mating preferences as the sensory and behavioural properties that influence the …

For camouflage to succeed, an individual has to pass undetected, unrecognized or
untargeted, and hence it is the processing of visual information that needs to be deceived …

One of the most dramatic demonstrations of the role of the mind in one's apprehension of the
world is the existence of cognitive biases. This chapter presents a three‐category framework …

Gull chicks beg for food from their parents. Peacocks spread their tails to attract potential
mates. Meerkats alert family members of the approach of predators. But are these--and other …

Animal camouflage has long been used to illustrate the power of natural selection, and
provides an excellent testbed for investigating the trade‐offs affecting the adaptive value of …

A comprehensive treatment of visual ecology Visual ecology is the study of how animals use
visual systems to meet their ecological needs, how these systems have evolved, and how …

In understanding how visual signals function, quantifying the components of those patterns
is vital. With the ever-increasing power and availability of digital photography, many studies …

There is a growing body of data on avian eyes, including measurements of visual pigment
and oil droplet spectral absorption, and of receptor densities and their distributions across …

Colour patterns and their visual backgrounds consist of a mosaic of patches that vary in
colour, brightness, size, shape and position. Most studies of crypsis, aposematism, sexual …

Theories of animal signalling emphasize the importance of costliness—to be effective,
signals must be dependable; to be dependable, signals must carry costs—and carotenoid …