Metabolic homeostasis in mammals is tightly regulated by the complementary actions of
insulin and glucagon. The secretion of these hormones from pancreatic β-cells and α-cells …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators
to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental …

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only
hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion …

Metabolomics, or the comprehensive profiling of small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues,
or whole organisms, has undergone a rapid technological evolution in the past two decades …

Significance: Metabolic syndrome is a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a
disease that currently affects∼ 8% of the adult population worldwide. Pancreatic beta-cell …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

Like all the cells of an organism, pancreatic β-cells originate from embryonic stem cells
through a complex cellular process termed differentiation. Differentiation involves the …

The pancreatic islet β cell senses circulating levels of calorigenic nutrients to secrete insulin
according to the needs of the organism. Altered insulin secretion is linked to various …

Pancreatic β cells secrete insulin, the body's only hormone capable of lowering plasma
glucose levels. Impaired or insufficient insulin secretion results in diabetes mellitus. The β …

It is now accepted that nutrient abundance in the blood, especially glucose, leads to the
generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately leading to increased oxidative …