Diabetic macular edema (DME) can cause blindness in diabetic patients suffering from
diabetic retinopathy (DR). DM parameters controls (glycemia, arterial tension, and lipids) are …

Our understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium has evolved over the past 2
decades, with the recognition that it is a dynamically regulated organ and that it plays a …

Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial self-destructive processes that maintain cellular
homeostasis, which are characterized by their morphology and regulated through signal …

New quinoline and isatin derivatives having the main characteristics of VEGFR-2 inhibitors
was synthesised. The antiproliferative effects of these compounds were estimated against …

Impaired angiogenesis has been implicated in adipose tissue dysfunction and the
development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Here, we report the unexpected …

The development of the nervous and vascular systems constitutes primary events in the
evolution of the animal kingdom; the former provides electrical stimuli and coordination …

Heart failure is a devastating condition, the progression of which culminates in a mismatch of
oxygen supply and demand, with limited options for treatment. Heart failure has several …

Inflammation has emerged to be a critical mechanism responsible for neural damage and
neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia, the resident innate immune cells in retina, are …

VEGF-B, a homolog of VEGF discovered a long time ago, has not been considered an
important target in antiangiogenic therapy. Instead, it has received little attention from the …

Vascular endothelial growth factor–A (VEGF-A) is a key target for new antiangiogenic drugs
for the treatment of both malignant and nonmalignant human diseases. Vascular effects of …