When a phenological shift affects a demographic vital rate such as survival or reproduction,
the altered vital rate may or may not have population-level consequences. We review the …

Climate change is a defining element of the current ecological landscape, with
consequences ranging from global to local environments. One of the first indices of the …

Climatic shifts to warmer and often drier conditions are challenging terrestrial species
worldwide. These shifts are occurring more rapidly at higher elevations and latitudes, likely …

Animals migrate in response to seasonal environments, to reproduce, to benefit from
resource pulses, or to avoid fluctuating hazards. Although climate change is predicted to …

The timing of life events (phenology) can be influenced by climate. Studies from around the
world tell us that climate cues and species' responses can vary greatly. If variation in climate …

Ecological interactions are the backbone of biodiversity. Like individual species, interactions
are threatened by drivers of biodiversity loss, among which climate change operates at a …

Species are frequently responding to contemporary climate change by shifting to higher
elevations and poleward to track suitable climate space. However, depending on local …

Continuous exposure to humans causes wildlife to either habituate or sensitize. Although
increased tolerance may play an important role in coexistence with humans, the …

For social animals, group social structure has important consequences for disease and
information spread. While prior studies showed individual connectedness within a group has …

Climate change, habitat loss, and human disturbance are major threats to biodiversity.
Protecting habitats plays a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation, and there is a global …