There is growing recognition of the problem of male bias in neuroscience research,
including in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) where fewer women than men are …

Background Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that
showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. It can play an important …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) affecting young people and leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The …

The mechanism (s) for chemotherapy-induced cognitive changes are largely unknown;
however, several candidate mechanisms have been identified. We suggest that shared …

It has been known for decades that females are more susceptible than men to inflammatory
autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis …

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic substances derived from testosterone that
are largely employed due to their trophic effect on muscle tissue of athletes at all levels …

Progesterone, estrogens, and testosterone are the well‐known steroidal sex hormones,
which have been reported to have “nonreproductive “effects in the brain, specifically in the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative
disease of the central nervous system (CNS). An interesting feature that this debilitating …

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD),
multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington disease, are …

Patients surviving traumatic brain injury (TBI) face numerous neurological and
neuropsychological problems significantly affecting their quality of life. Extensive studies …