There is increasing interest in and evidence for altered immune factors in the etiology and
pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Stimulated by various epidemiological findings reporting …

Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk of schizophrenia and other brain
disorders of neurodevelopmental origin in the offspring. A multitude of infectious agents …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions,
communication deficits, and restricted repetitive interests and behaviors. Recent evidence …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays important roles in processes such as
immunomodulation, fever, inflammatory response, inhibition of tumor formation, and …

In 1995, the macrophage–T lymphocyte theory of schizophrenia (Smith and Maes, 1995)
considered that activated immuno‐inflammatory pathways may account for the higher …

Background Although the exact etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is
unknown, there is growing evidence of a role for immune dysregulation in the …

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a very important animal model in biomedical
research. In contrast with other models, such as mice, there has been relatively little …

The idea that there is some sort of abnormality in dopamine (DA) signalling is one of the
more enduring hypotheses in schizophrenia research. Opinion leaders have published …

The cellular messenger nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders
due to the increased expression of the enzymes that catalyze its synthesis in postmortem …

Concerns about infectious diseases in fish used for research have risen along with the
dramatic increase in the use of fish as models in biomedical research. In addition to acute …