The development of urban underground space is a critical way to alleviate the lack of urban
resources, and improve environmental conditions as well as residents' quality of life, which …

Underground workplaces are an important element in modern urban planning. As a result,
an increasing but unquantified proportion of the population is being regularly exposed to …

People have negative perceptions of underground environments on account of the absence
of natural elements. To alleviate negative perceptions, many investigators have proposed …

With a growing need for usable land in urban areas, subterranean development has been
gaining attention. While construction of large underground complexes is not a new concept …

Underground space occupants tend to face more psychophysiological health risks than their
aboveground counterparts. Enabling a certain level of connection (eg, physical, visual, or a …

Over half of the global population lives in urban areas, making the issue of space a pressing
environmental factor. The development of large-scale underground complexes in (mega-) …

With an expected increase in urbanisation and low-carbon transition efforts, the planning of
cities is becoming more challenging, and societies need to rethink how urban infrastructures …

The transfer space realizes the connectivity of subway intersections. Passengers generally
express that they have a poor experience in the use of this space, so improving the …

Purpose Due to land resource scarcity, sustainable urban development in high-density cities
has long been challenging. As such, many cities are formulating plans to “dig deep” …

Our goal was to identify the gaps between “Route” and “Survey” details for wayfinding in
complex underpasses with poor architectural configuration. We analyzed Route and Survey …