Since determination of the myoglobin structure in 1957, X-ray crystallography, as the
anchoring tool of structural biology, has played an instrumental role in deciphering the …

The human nose is often considered something of a luxury, but in the rest of the animal
world, from bacteria to mammals, detecting chemicals in the environment has been critical to …

The third intracellular loop (ICL3) of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) fold is important
for the signal transduction process downstream of receptor activation,–. Despite this, the lack …

Lysosomes coordinate cellular metabolism and growth upon sensing of essential nutrients,
including cholesterol. Through bioinformatic analysis of lysosomal proteomes, we identified …

The mammalian olfactory system can recognize and discriminate a large number of different
odorant molecules. The detection of chemically distinct odorants presumably results from the …

We have identified an opsin, melanopsin, in photosensitive dermal melanophores of
Xenopus laevis. Its deduced amino acid sequence shares greatest homology with …

The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is a well-studied prototype for heterotrimeric guanine
nucleotide–binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs) that respond to diffusible …

ENDOTHELIN-1 was initially identified as a 21-residue potent vasoconstrictor peptide
produced by vascular endothelial cells, but was subsequently found to have many effects on …

The rhodopsin crystal structure provides a structural basis for understanding the function of
this and other G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). The major structural motifs observed …

Coat colors in the chestnut horse, the yellow Labrador retriever, the red fox, and one type of
yellow mouse are due to recessive alleles at the extension locus. Similarly, dominant alleles …