Aquaculture is one of the most efficient modes of animal protein production and plays an
important role in global food security. Aquaculture animals exhibit extraordinarily diverse …

Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination
mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex …

Sex chromosomes display remarkable diversity and variability among vertebrates.
Compared with research on the X/Y and Z/W chromosomes, which have long evolutionary …

Abstract The Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) is a key species in the North Pacific
Ocean and Bering Sea ecosystems, where it also supports important fisheries. However, the …

In vertebrates, mainly single genes with an allele ratio of 1: 1 trigger sex-determination (SD),
leading to initial equal sex-ratios. Such genes are designated master-key regulators (MKRs) …

Our understanding of cell and developmental biology has been greatly aided by a focus on
a small number of model organisms. However, we are now in an era where techniques to …

B chromosomes represent additional chromosomes found in many eukaryotic organisms.
Their origin is not completely understood but recent genomic studies suggest that they …

How genotype determines phenotype is a well-explored question, but genotype–
environment interactions and their heritable impact on phenotype over the course of …

Germline-restricted chromosomes (GRCs) are accessory chromosomes that occur only in
germ cells. They are eliminated from somatic cells through programmed DNA elimination …

The mechanism of sex determination in teleost evolves in an amazing speed contrary to
mammals and birds. Different populations of the same species may use different sex …