Local wound debridement in the diseased pulp space is the main step in root canal
treatment to prevent the tooth from being a source of infection. In this review article, the …

Root canal instrumentation produces a layer of organic and inorganic material called the
smear layer that may also contain bacteria and their by‐products. It can prevent the …

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether smear layer removal
reduces leakage of obturated human teeth in vitro. PubMed was searched for articles …

One of the recent trends in endodontics has been the development of bonded obturating
materials, in an effort to provide a more effective seal coronally and apically. Materials …

Chemomechanical preparation of the root canal includes both mechanical instrumentation
and antibacterial irrigation, and is principally directed toward the elimination of micro …

Bacterial sampling of prepared root canals is used to determine the presence and character
of the remaining microbiota. However, it is likely that current sampling techniques only …

Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory process in the periradicular tissues caused by
microorganisms in the necrotic root canal. Accordingly, to achieve healing of apical …

This study compared the in vitro efficacy of Smear Clear (Sybron Endo, CA), a 17%
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution with surfactants, to 17% EDTA, with and …

INTRODUCTION: The smear layer adheres to dentinal surface, thus occluding the dentinal
tubules. Because this layer disfavors the penetration of irrigant solutions and root canal …

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of single and combined
use of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol bis [b-aminoethylether] N …