Phenotypic plasticity can serve as a stepping stone towards adaptation. Recently, studies
have shown that gene expression contributes to emergent stress responses such as thermal …

Agent-based complex systems are dynamic networks of many interacting agents; examples
include ecosystems, financial markets, and cities. The search for general principles …

The essential textbook on agent-based modeling—now fully updated and expanded Agent-
Based and Individual-Based Modeling has become the standard textbook on the subject for …

Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These
computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population …

A large number of methods for the analysis of point pattern data have been developed in a
wide range of scientific fields. First‐order statistics describe large‐scale variation in the …

This is a thoroughly revised and updated edition of an authoritative introduction to ecological
modelling. Sven Erik Jørgensen, Editor-in-Chief of the journal Ecological Modelling, and …

Each modeller who builds and analyses an individual-based model learns of course a great
deal, but what has ecology as a whole learned from the individual-based models published …

Modern ecology recognizes that modelling systems across scales and at multiple levels—
especially to link population and ecosystem dynamics to individual adaptive behaviour—is …

▪ Abstract Individual-based models (IBMs) allow the explicit inclusion of individual variation
in greater detail than do classical differential-equation and difference-equation models …

Interactions between humans and the environment are occurring on a scale that has never
previously been seen; the scale of human interaction with the water cycle, along with the …