Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature
tissues grown inside microfluidic chips. To better mimic human physiology, the chips are …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is vital for maintaining brain homeostasis by enabling an
exquisite control of exchange of compounds between the blood and the brain parenchyma …

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in nanomedicine holds great promise for the treatment of
diseases for which conventional therapies present serious limitations. Additionally, NPs can …

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders affect as many as 1.5 billion people globally. The
limited delivery of most imaging and therapeutic agents into the brain is a major challenge …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) greatly restricts the entry of biological and engineered
therapeutic molecules into the brain. Due to challenges in translating results from animal …

Owing to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, and ability to protect labile
drugs, hydrogels are increasingly investigated as local drug delivery systems. However, a …

Neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and brain cancers are difficult to
treat with current drugs as their delivery efficacy to the brain is severely hampered by the …

Localized or topical administration of drugs may be considered as a potential approach for
overcoming the problems caused by the various biological barriers encountered in drug …

Aquaporin channels facilitate bidirectional water flow in all cells and tissues. AQP4 is highly
expressed in astrocytes. In the CNS, it is enriched in astrocyte endfeet, at synapses, and at …

Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical
applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive …