Anxiety disorders are more prevalent in women than in men. In women the menstrual cycle
introduces another variable; indeed, some conditions eg, premenstrual syndrome, are …

This article is part of a Special Issue “SBN 2014”. Women are more vulnerable to stress-and
fear-based disorders, such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite the …

Traditional rodent models of Pavlovian fear conditioning assess the strength of learning by
quantifying freezing responses. However, sole reliance on this measure includes the de …

Psychiatric disorders are characterized by sex differences in their prevalence,
symptomatology and treatment response. Animal models have been widely employed for …

In essentially every domain of neuroscience, the generally implicit assumption that few, if
any, meaningful differences exist between male and female brain function is being …

Women have increased vulnerability to PTSD and anxiety disorders compared to men.
Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of these disorders is critical for identifying …

Anxiety disorders are commonly associated with increased generalization of fear from a
stress-or trauma-associated environment to a neutral context or environment. Differences in …

The present study investigated the effects of post-weaning social isolation (SI) on
behavioural and neuroendocrine reactivity to stress of male and female rats. Innate aspects …

Posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression share stress as an etiological
contributor and are more common in women than in men. Traditionally, preclinical studies …

This review focuses on factors influencing behaviour in the elevated plus-maze, the
holeboard and the social transmission of food preference. The elevated plus-maze provides …