Recent advances in mapping cortical areas in the human brain provide a basis for
investigating the significance of their spatial arrangement. Here we describe a dominant …

For half a century, the human brain was believed to contain about 100 billion neurons and
one trillion glial cells, with a glia: neuron ratio of 10: 1. A new counting method, the isotropic …

Adult cortical areas consist of specialized cell types and circuits that support unique higher-
order cognitive functions. How this regional diversity develops from an initially uniform …

The recent construction of brain-wide gene expression atlases, which measure the
transcriptional activity of thousands of genes in multiple anatomical locations, has made it …

The neocortex is the seat of higher cognitive functions and, in evolutionary terms, is the
youngest part of the mammalian brain. Since its origin, the neocortex has expanded in …

How is the vast brain communication system organized? A structural model relates
connections to laminar differences between linked areas. The model is based on the …

The primate cerebral cortex displays a hierarchy that extends from primary sensorimotor to
association areas, supporting increasingly integrated function underpinned by a gradient of …

The topology of the cerebral cortex has been proposed to provide an important source of
constraint for the organization of cognition. In a sample of twins (n= 1113), we determined …

Comparative studies amongst extant species are one of the pillars of evolutionary
neurobiology. In the 20th century, most comparative studies remained restricted to analyses …

The human isocortex consists of tangentially organized layers with unique cytoarchitectural
properties. These layers show spatial variations in thickness and cytoarchitecture across the …