Connective tissue is one of the four major types of animal tissue and plays essential roles
throughout the human body. Genetic factors, aging, and trauma all contribute to connective …

Biophysical cues play a key role in directing the lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem
cells or multipotent stromal cells (MSC s), but the mechanotransductive mechanisms at play …

Current tissue engineering approaches combine different scaffold materials with living cells
to provide biological substitutes that can repair and eventually improve tissue functions. Both …

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as the occurrence of extraskeletal bone in soft
tissue. Although this pathological osteogenesis process involves the participation of …

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) are promising
candidates for cell-based therapies in diverse conditions including tissue engineering …

The last decade has seen significant developments in cell therapies, based on permanently
differentiated, reprogrammed or engineered stem cells, for tendon injuries and degenerative …

In calcific tendinopathy (CT), calcium deposits in the substance of the tendon, with chronic
activity-related pain, tenderness, localized edema and various degrees of decreased range …

The use of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) as a cell source for musculoskeletal tissue
engineering has not been compared with that of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). This …

BMP signaling is one of the key pathways regulating craniofacial development. It is involved
in the early patterning of the head, the development of cranial neural crest cells, and facial …

Most of the exogenous biomaterials for tendon repair have limitations including lower
capacity for inducing cell proliferation and differentiation, poorer biocompatibility and …