Insomnia is a serious worldwide health threat, affecting nearly one third of the general
population. Melatonin has been reported to improve sleep efficiency and it was found that …

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa.
Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and …

Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the
immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an …

Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and
shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to …

Melatonin is well known for its circadian production by the pineal gland, and there is a
growing body of data showing that it is also produced by many other cells and organs …

Various features, components, and functions of the immune system present daily variations.
Immunocompetent cell counts and cytokine levels present variations according to the time of …

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) tightly couple maintenance of the bone
marrow (BM) reservoir, including undifferentiated long-term repopulating hematopoietic …

During pregnancy the human fetus receives timed cues from the circadian rhythms of
temperature, metabolites, and hormones from the mother. This influence is interrupted after …

We demonstrate that during inflammatory responses the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)
induces the synthesis of melatonin by macrophages and that macrophage-synthesized …

Pineal gland melatonin is the darkness hormone, while extra-pineal melatonin produced by
the gonads, gut, retina, and immune competent cells acts as a paracrine or autocrine …