Executive summary Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major contributor to poor patient outcomes.
AKI occurs in about 13· 3 million people per year, 85% of whom live in the developing world …

BACKGROUND: COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States as
well as throughout the rest of the world. An exacerbation of COPD (periodic escalations of …

Background The current Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)
treatment strategy recommends the use of one or more bronchodilators according to the …

Background The place of long-acting β agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist
(LABA/LAMA) combinations in stable patients with COPD is not well defined. The purpose of …

Introduction QVA149 is a novel, inhaled, once-daily dual bronchodilator containing a fixed-
dose combination of the long-acting β 2-agonist indacaterol and the long-acting muscarinic …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of death and disability
worldwide. Inhaled bronchodilators are the mainstay of COPD pharmacological treatment …

Introduction Accumulated high-quality data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
indicate that long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) …

When there are no randomised clinical trials directly comparing all relevant treatment
options, an indirect treatment comparison via meta-analysis of the available clinical …

Inhaled bronchodilators, including long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMA) and
long-acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonists (LABA), are the mainstay of pharmacological …

We aimed to explore whether the acute bronchodilation induced by indacaterol 150 μg and
glycopyrronium bromide 50 μg is additive or synergistic with respect to monocomponents by …